Profit & loss

Read the trading and profit & loss account for any period — how revenue, returns, cost of goods sold and direct and indirect expenses become gross and net profit, plus profit by product.

Finance → P&L (/app/finance/pnl) shows the Trading and P&L account for a period, in IST.

Choose the period#

Use the period filter: This month, Last month, This FY, Last FY or a custom range. The page header shows the range, for example 01/04/2026 → 31/08/2026 · IST.

Headline tiles#

Tile	Meaning
Net revenue	Sales revenue minus credit notes and returns
Gross profit · X%	Net revenue − cost of goods sold − direct expenses, with gross margin
Net profit · X%	Gross profit − indirect expenses, with net margin
Total expenses	All expenditures in the period

Trading account → Gross profit#

Line	How it is calculated
Sales revenue	Total of invoices in the period — excluding drafts, cancelled invoices and proformas
Less: Credit notes / returns	Credit notes issued in the period, including those from sale returns
Net revenue	Sales revenue − credit notes
Less: Cost of goods sold	Quantity sold × each product's current average purchase cost
Less: Direct expenses	Expenditures under direct heads (Carriage Inward, Wages, Freight & Cartage, Packing Charges), listed by head
Gross profit	Net revenue − COGS − direct expenses

P&L account → Net profit#

Line	How it is calculated
Gross profit	From the trading account
Less: Indirect expenses	Expenditures under indirect heads (Rent, Salaries, Utilities, Transport, Marketing, Miscellaneous), listed by head
Net profit	Gross profit − indirect expenses

Margins are percentages of net revenue. Owner drawings are not expenses and never reduce profit — they reduce capital on the balance sheet.

Profit by product#

A table of Product, Revenue, COGS and Gross profit shows which lines earn the most.

Download#

Download PDF exports a CA-formatted P&L for the selected period.

Last updated 15/09/2026